What the data shows
The emergence of the BA.3.2 variant of COVID-19 raises significant questions about its potential impact on public health. This variant, a descendant of the Omicron lineage, was first identified in South Africa in November 2024. It carries more than 50 mutations in its spike protein compared to the BA.3 variant, which may influence its behavior and interaction with existing immunity.
As of February 2026, BA.3.2 has been detected in at least 23 countries, indicating its spread beyond its country of origin. Notably, it has also been found in the wastewater systems of 29 states in the U.S., suggesting a wider circulation within the community. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified BA.3.2 as a Variant Under Monitoring on December 5, 2025, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance.
One of the critical concerns surrounding BA.3.2 is its ability to partially evade existing COVID-19 immunity. Reports indicate that while vaccines are still expected to protect against severe illness caused by this variant, there are signs that BA.3.2 may infect individuals more widely due to immune evasion. This characteristic could lead to an increase in cases, especially among populations with waning immunity.
Despite these concerns, experts have noted that BA.3.2 does not appear to be outcompeting other variants currently circulating. The WHO has stated that BA.3.2 poses a low additional public health risk compared with other circulating Omicron descendant lineages. Furthermore, there is no clear evidence that BA.3.2 causes more severe disease than other variants, according to a pulmonary and critical care doctor who emphasized that there is no sign so far that BA.3.2 is any more dangerous than variants circulating in the winter of 2025-26.
The first case of BA.3.2 in the United States was detected in June 2025, and since then, health officials have been monitoring its spread closely. The CDC has remarked that BA.3.2 marks a “new lineage” of “highly divergent” SARS-CoV-2, indicating its distinct genetic makeup. Additionally, the CDC noted that this cicada strain could be associated with seasonal increases in COVID-19 activity, which may complicate public health responses.
During the 2024-25 respiratory virus season, there were approximately 390,000 hospitalizations and 45,000 deaths attributed to COVID-19 in the U.S. This data underscores the ongoing impact of the virus, even as new variants emerge. The potential for BA.3.2 to contribute to long COVID is also a concern, with estimates suggesting that 3 in 100 cases may lead to long-term health issues.
As health authorities continue to monitor the situation, details remain unconfirmed regarding the exact timeline of BA.3.2’s emergence, with estimates suggesting it may have emerged between December 2023 and July 2024. The evolving nature of COVID-19 variants necessitates vigilance and adaptability in public health strategies to mitigate their impact.